Facts, Identification & Control

The common name Harvester ants describes many different species in the Pogonomyrmex genus. Harvester ants get their name from the habit they all share of collecting seeds as their primary food source. Twenty-two species are found in the United States, the majority of them west of the Mississippi. They are typically a desert species found in southwestern states such as Texas, California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

Appearance varies from species to species, but the ants are typically 1/4 to 1/2 inch long ( 4.7 to 11.5 mm). Their color can be anywhere from red to dark brown to black.

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Quickly identify bed bugs in your home with this visual guide. 50+ images and video’s that explain what do bed bugs look like, how you can spot them, where bed bugs are found and how to get rid of them.

How to Identify Bed Bugs:

• Size: 3/16 to one quarter of an inch
• Shape: oval, tapering slightly toward the head. Flattened on top unless full of blood.
• Color:  rusty reddish brown, turning to bright red after a blood meal. The color comes from the blood they eat, and hungry bedbugs become a paler orange car as they digest the blood they have consumed.
• Location: found on bedding, mattresses (especially around the seams), curtains, on family pets, clothing and yes, on you.

What you need to know about these little biters:
Bedbugs can live anywhere - in both clean and dirty homes. So cleaning does not prevent or get rid of bedbugs.	Bed bugs feed on the blood of any warm-blooded animal, but they prefer human blood. So they may bite your dog or cat, but are more likely to bite you.
Because they are so good at hiding, often the first bedbug symptoms a person experiences are the bites.	Bedbugs will bite multiple times in a single feeding. Some people refer to the repeated bites as ‘breakfast, lunch, and dinner'. This can help to differentiate them from flea bites, since fleas tend to bite around the ankles and without any particular pattern, while bedbugs bites tend to be anywhere on your body
Bedbugs can live for between six and 18 months without eating.	Bed bugs hide during the day, and often found in beds and other furniture throughout the home.
Their flattened bodies allow them to squeeze into tiny cracks and crevices the width of a credit card.	They don’t spread disease, but their bites can cause itchy red welts. In severe cases, these welts can be quite large.
They find people to bite by following the smell of the CO2 that we breathe out.	Bedbugs have been around a long time. They have been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 1336 BC.
They inject their saliva when they bite to provide an anesthetic and anticoagulant effect. This makes the bite virtually painless and keeps the blood flowing while they feed. It’s this saliva which causes the allergic reaction that creates the raised bumps associated with bedbug bites.	The bugs are most active at night. However, they can be seen during the day in heavy infestations or when food is scarce.

20 to 30 years ago, if you knew what a bedbug looked like, you were either very well-travelled or very unlucky. For a long time in the latter half of the 20th century, these pests were extremely rare. So rare that many people began to think that they were an urban myth.

But unfortunately these days, bed bugs are very real. Today they can be found in hotels, motels, nursing homes, and your home. We’ve created this comprehensive guide to help you identify these pests no matter where they are hiding.

What are Bed Bugs?

Bed bugs are insects of the Cimex type , which means they have six legs. Adult bed bugs can be up to 3/16 of an inch in length and are generally a reddish-brown color. They are most definitely visible to the naked eye. They are not microscopic. In terms of size, shape, and color, they are similar to an apple seed. An apple seed with six legs. However, young bed bugs are much harder to spot because they are much smaller than adults. Plus, before they take their first blood meal, young bed bugs are almost transparent.

In most cases these creatures scare people. And it’s not surprising, given that they feed on us. But where there’s fear, there’s room for misconceptions and misinformation. If you want to determine if you have these bugs, and how to get rid of them, you need to know a little bit about them. So here are the facts.

Bed Bugs prefer to feed on human blood, more than animals

These creatures feed on blood. Specifically, human blood. They will bite other mammals such as cats and dogs if they need to feed. But they prefer human blood to any other food source. This is what makes them such an irritating pest, and what inspires so much fear of this small creature.

Bed bugs, unlike mosquitoes, can’t fly. And unlike fleas, they can’t jump. They need to crawl to anywhere they want to go. But while these bugs are large enough to be seen by people, they are very good at hiding. Their flattened bodies allow them to squeeze into tiny cracks and crevices where they can hide during the day, waiting for nighttime when they will come out and feed.

Bed Bugs Reproduce…Fast!

One thing to bear in mind is a bed bugs ability to reproduce, with one female being able to start a reproductive series ending in 38 million bed bugs after only 12 months! A single female can lay hundreds of bed bug eggs, so bed bug infestations can quickly get out of control.

Are Bed Bugs Dangerous?

No, Bed bugs are annoying, pestering, and gross but they are not dangerous as they do not carry any diseases. Animals that feed on human blood can often be dangerous via the spread of disease. Mosquitoes, for instance, kill millions of people worldwide every year, making them one of the most dangerous animals on the planet. Fortunately, bedbugs are very bad at spreading disease. This is something that has been extensively studied because, given the prevalence of the species, if they did spread disease, we would be in a lot of trouble.

Bed bugs reproduce quickly. One female can start a reproductive series ending in 38 million bed bugs after only 12 months!

But by and large, they don’t. However, they are potential vectors of Chagas disease. This disease occurs in South America and is usually spread by kissing bugs, a distant cousin of the bedbug. However, a study found that bedbugs can also spread this disease. On the plus side, though, this has only been observed in the laboratory, and not in the real world.

While bed bugs may be a nuisance, they are not dangerous.

So these creatures don’t spread disease. But it would be a stretch to call them harmless. If a bedbug bites your skin, you won’t feel it right away because the bugs excrete a tiny amount of anesthetic before feeding on people. Their bites cause itchy red welts on the skin of most people afflicted with these parasites, and these bites can be numerous once the population grows. Which it will, given the creature’s extremely high reproductive rate. Living with an infestation is enough to upset even the strongest of us. The constant biting of these insects can cause emotional stress and even a form of post traumatic stress disorder. And being able to identify bed bug bites can help you spot a bed bug infestation faster.

Where do Bed Bugs Live?

Humans are this creature’s food source. And so they like to stay close to us. However, unlike some other parasites, they don’t live on human bodies. This is important to understand, because other parasites such as lice and scabies do live on humans. But again, bedbugs do not live on people. Our bodies are a little too warm for these creatures to be comfortable, and besides, they don’t like to stay on anything that moves around too much. Unlike lice, they can’t cling on to human hair to avoid being dislodged. So while they can travel on people for short amounts of time, they are far more commonly found in clothes and furniture.

Bed Bug Infestation is rarely due to a lack of hygiene. 

Unsurprisingly, their favorite place to live is usually the bed. This is because most people spend a large portion of their day in bed. If you sleep for eight hours a night, that means you spend a full third of your life in bed. For this reason, beds are the number one place to find the insects. Especially the seams along the sides of mattresses. These offer great places for them to hide where they can be close to people in order to bite them.

But don’t make the mistake of thinking they can’t be found anywhere else. They will also live in living room furniture, such as sofas and armchairs. They can hide in cracks and crevices in wooden furniture, too. And it’s not just homes. Coffee shops, movie theaters, buses, trains, planes, hospitals, and especially hotels – they can live almost anywhere that offers them a supply of human blood.

• mattresses
• box springs
• bed frames
• headboards
• pillows and bedding
• inside cracks or seams of furniture
• carpeting around baseboards
• spaces behind light switches and electrical outlet plates
• curtains
• clothes

If you suspect that you may have bedbugs, the bed is the first place to check. Inspect the seams of your mattress, your sheets and pillows, and any cracks and crevices in your bed frame. After you check these areas, move on to upholstered furniture in both the bedroom and living room. After that, check wooden furniture such as tables and chairs, bookshelves, dresses, bedside tables, and so on. These pests are good at hiding. But they can’t stay hidden forever.

How Do You Get Bed Bugs?

These creatures are excellent hitchhikers. Bedbugs can’t fly or jump the way that fleas do, but they often hide in luggage, furniture, cardboard boxes, and anything else people move around. They typically don’t like to travel on human bodies, but they may hide inside the clothes people wear. They can survive traveling in the luggage hold of a plane, and this is one of the major factors that has allowed them to spread across the world. These creatures go wherever we go.

Second hand furniture is a very common way to get bugs. Sometimes, people can have infestation without realizing it. And when they sell or donate their furniture, they may be selling or donating bugs too.

You can also get bedbugs from hotel rooms. And it doesn’t have to be a low-quality hotel. Because of their high turnover of guests, hotels often have bug problems that they may not be aware of. All it takes is one female bug to climb inside your suitcase and come home with you. Before long, you’ll have a major problem.

Because bed bugs spread so easily, these insects can be found almost anywhere that humans can. Think coffee shops, bars, airport lounges, planes, buses, movie theaters, concert halls – bedbugs have been found in all of these locations. They have even been found hiding inside library books, making it easy for them to spread throughout the city as the book gets circulated. Ultimately, almost anywhere you go, you run the risk of coming into contact with these insects.

Treatment – What to do Against Bed Bugs

It isn’t hard to kill a bedbug. They are insects, after all. You can squash them like any other arthropod. You can spray them with insect spray. There are various home remedies, including rubbing alcohol and some essential oils, that will kill them on contact. Diatomaceous earth also wipes out these small creatures.

What is far harder is killing all the bedbugs. But this is what it takes to solve the problem. If a single adult female survives your attempts to wipe them out, she can start laying eggs and restart the infestation all by herself. And because they are so small and so good at hiding, it’s very difficult to track down each and every one of them. This is what makes it very difficult to successfully perform a treatment by yourself. Often, the best and only way to get rid of them is to call a professional exterminator near you.

However, difficult isn’t the same as impossible. Here are some things you can try:

• Wash and dry all fabrics. Heat kills bedbugs. So regularly washing your bedclothes in hot water and running them through a dryer on high heat will help kill lots of these creatures. Use the hottest cycle you can, and try to only half fill the dryer so that it gets nice and hot. Store your clean clothes and other belongings in plastic bags tied shut to make sure bugs can’t get inside.
• Inspect all furniture. Look for bed bug droppings.Kill any insect you find. Regular spray can do the job. But if you want something more effective and ecologically friendly, consider using a steam cleaner. The heat from the steam kills not only adults but also the eggs, significantly reducing the population without using any pesticides.
• Vacuum regularly. A carpet isn’t their favorite place to live, but they will hide there, especially where furniture sits on top of the carpet. Regular vacuuming will kill any that get swallowed up by the machine and help to keep the numbers down.
• Reduce clutter. These critters don’t care whether your dirty or clean. As long as you have blood, you’re a target for these pests. But having a lot of clutter in your home creates more places for them to hide. Keeping your place neat and tidy will help you find these parasites more quickly.

Bed Bug Symptoms

Bites

Often, the first sign that there are bedbugs in your home is the bites they leave on your skin. These often show up as itchy red welts similar to mosquito bites. It can be tricky to identify bed bug bites compared to mosquito or flea bites, but here are some clues:

What do Bed Bug Bites Look Like?

An individual may bite multiple times during a single feeding. They will leave itchy bites almost anywhere on the body, but bites are more commonly found on areas of skin not covered by clothes or pyjamas. Also, they tend to prefer less hairy parts of the body, so a bed bug bite on the scalp is uncommon.

But be aware that everybody reacts to bed bug bites differently. Some people have allergies that cause a severe reaction to the creature’s saliva and develop giant welts and intense itching, while others receive far smaller reactions like mild itchiness and inflammation. And some people don’t react at all. Typically, a person’s first exposure to these parasites will cause no reaction, and it’s only on repeated exposure that noticeable bites develop. So it’s possible to have them without knowing it, at least for a while.

Multiple bites may appear in a line or cluster in a small area of your body. The bites tend to be itchy and may cause a burning sensation.

Droppings

Bed bugs only eat blood. And so the droppings they produce are nothing more than partly digested blood. While they are good at hiding, the droppings they leave behind are a telltale sign of their presence. So often, people with an infestation see the droppings before they see the insects that left them.

The seam along the edge of your mattress is the first place to check for bugs and their faeces. Faeces look like small black dots, almost as though someone made them with a permanent marker, about the size of a pinhead. Since they are made of blood, these black spots are often very difficult to remove. When infestation first begins, there may only be a handful of these droppings. But every time they feed, they will defecate. And the more of them there are, the more poop they will produce.

These little monsters aren’t fussy about where they go to the bathroom. They will poop anywhere that they are hiding. And this can be almost anywhere throughout the home. So you may also find droppings on:

Bed Sheets

Pillows

Sofas

Wooden Chairs

Bed Frames

Bedside Tables

Plug Sockets

Baseboards

Shed Skins

As insects, the bodies of these creatures are supported by a rigid exoskeleton. To grow, they need to shed their skin. The shed skins they leave behind are a sure sign of bug activity. They are usually a light orange color and resemble the insects themselves, but are hollow inside.

Above is a close-up of the shed skins.

Above you can see multiple shed skins along with droppings and an adult. Note the darker color of the live animal compared to the skins, which shows it has fed recently. Also, note the different sizes of shed skin that demonstrate the various stages of the creature’s growth and development.

Above you can see even more clearly the difference between a live insect and a shed skin.

Here you can see the size of the shed skins compared to a penny.

Remember that the shed skins are extremely light, and can travel some distance from where they were cast off by floating on air currents. So finding a single shed skin doesn’t mean you’ve found where the insects are hanging out. But finding multiple shed skins probably does.

Also, be aware that they aren’t the only insects that shed their skin. Carpet beetles also shed their skins and leave these casts behind. They are often found on the underside of sofas and bed frames and can be misidentified as bedbugs.

Some people also notice a musty odor that comes from bed bug infestations. However, this can be hard to detect, and is usually only noticeable when an infestation has gotten really bad.

These are carpet beetle casts. Notice the difference in shape and the lack of visible legs.

Identifying the Bugs

If you have seen a bug in your home, your first concern may be to know whether it’s a bed bug or not. Unlike other creatures, these insects don’t have a larval stage. Juveniles are as mobile and bloodthirsty as the adults. But they look a little different from their parents. So let’s look at every stage of their life cycle individually.

Adult Bed Bugs

Adults are around 3/16 of an inch long. Note the reddish-brown color that comes from the blood that they feed on. Actually, these creature’s bodies are translucent, and the color comes from human blood. When they haven’t fed recently, they lose this dark color.

Also, note the oval-shaped body that is a characteristic of bed bugs appearance.

They are flattened across the top. This allows them to slip into tiny cracks and crevices the width of a credit card, which is part of what makes them so hard to detect.

See those ridges on the broadest part of the insect’s body, the abdomen? Those are known as hunger folds. They allow the abdomen to swell so that it can take in more blood in a single meal.

When a bug feeds, the hunger folds expand as its abdomen fills with blood.

But don’t let all these close-ups fool you. Here are some pictures to help you get a sense of this creature’s size.

Bed Bug Life Cycle – What Juveniles Look Like

The bugs molt at least five times before reaching maturity. A population will contain all stages of the life cycle. Juveniles, known as instars, resemble the adults. But they are smaller.

As you can see, the instars lack the dark coloring of the adults that only comes with time and repeated blood meals. When they first hatch out, these creatures are tiny and almost transparent, making them extremely difficult to spot.

Eggs

Every bed bug starts its life as an egg laid by a female. Once the female lays an egg, she has no further involvement with its development. The eggs hatch in a matter of days in warm temperatures. At 86°F, a bug can go from egg to adult is little as 21 days, but at 65°F, it could take as long as 120 days.

Females glue their eggs to rough surfaces with a transparent fluid they produce. They tend to lay eggs in clusters, but not always. The eggs are white and around 1/32 of an inch long, so if you have good eyes and the eggs are on a dark surface, you may be able to see them.

This image above shows a fairly typical harborage. You can see adults, juveniles, shed skins, and droppings. The white dots visible on the darker wood are eggs.

You can also see eggs in this image above. The white eggs stand out against the black droppings created by the adults.

Where to Look For Bed Bugs

Now you know what to look for, you’ll want to carefully inspect your home for the presence of these creatures. Start with the mattress seams, box spring, and bed frame, and move outward from there. Other hiding places can include baseboards, upholstered furniture, electrical outlets, peeling paint,and loose wallpaper. Use a flashlight to peer into cracks and crevices, because these creatures love the dark.

These insects aren’t social in the way that ants or wasps are. But they do like to stick together. Typically, you’ll find bedbugs in aggregations like this. They hide, lay their eggs, and leave their droppings all in the same area.

A population can start with a single insect. An individual won’t feed every day, and it may take some time for your body’s reaction to the bites to build up and create itchy welts. For that reason, you could have a low-level infestation for quite some time without knowing about it.

But a bed bug’s reproductive rate is staggering. A female can lay 12 eggs per day, and up to 500 in her lifetime. This lifetime can be as short as a couple of months in the right conditions. And in warm environments, the bedbug can reach maturity in as little as 21 days.

Also, they reproduce sexually. A population needs both males and females to reproduce. Once a female has mated, she can store the sperm of the male in her body to fertilize future eggs.

This means that bed bug populations can quickly get out of control. A single adult female could have as many as 8000 descendants within six months.

Conclusion

Bedbugs are one of the worst pests to have. Not only are these creatures capable of biting, but they also extremely hard to get rid of. So if you are concerned that you may have an infestation, use this visual guide to help you identify the bed bugs. If you do have bed bugs, the best thing to do may be to call in some professional help. Give us a call now or find local exterminators in your area.

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Ants are everywhere. As one of the planet’s most successful species, these tiny creatures can be found in almost any environment. Every country on earth except Antarctica is home to numerous species of ant, and each of these types has its ecological role.

But are any of them dangerous? Well, yes. The world’s most dangerous ant is thought to be the bulldog ant. This aggressive insect lives in Australia. It has a sting in its abdomen which it doesn’t hesitate to use. The creature gets its name from its tenacity and unwillingness to give up during a fight. This ant stings multiple times, and if threatened, will attack in huge numbers, with the result that it can kill humans. Though to put things in perspective, this ant has been linked to three deaths since 1936.

There’s also the famous bullet ant, which takes its name from its bite, which is said to be as painful as being shot. This bug inhabits the jungles of South America and is capable of causing extraordinary pain when disturbed. However, while the effects of its bite are intense, they don’t last. As far as we know, no one has ever been killed by this ant despite the enormous amounts of pain they inflict.

Few of us will ever meet one of these exotic types of insect. Most of the bugs we do encounter are harmless. Ants are very clean insects and don’t carry any diseases. And the vast majority that humans regularly encounter aren’t capable of hurting us.

Ants are very clean insects and don’t carry any diseases.

However, there are some dangers associated with even relatively common species. Some ants that we regularly encounter in our homes and gardens can be dangerous to human health and property. This can happen in several ways as explained further below.

Different species are capable of different types of harm. In particular, fire ants deliver a painful sting that in certain situations, can be dangerous. Carpenter ants, on the other hand, create enormous amounts of property damage every year and are a significant cause of destruction to wooden buildings. Additionally, many types can inadvertently contaminate food by carrying bacteria on their bodies and spreading it wherever they go. Finally, there are invasive species, such as Red Imported Fire ant and Argentine ants, that are changing the natural balance of the places they’ve invaded.

This doesn’t mean that you need to be afraid of ants. Most species are not harmful to people and have no interest in humans beyond the food that we provide. But it’s important to be aware of the problems that these critters can cause. So let’s take a closer look at the biggest dangers that come from ants.

Ant Stings & Bites

Ants are omnivores, meaning they will eat a wide variety of food. They are a major predator of other insects, which can be beneficial for humans. But they also capable of scavenging far larger animals. Relative to their size, all ant species have powerful jaws.

But it’s not just their bite you need to worry about. Believe it or not, ants are closely related to wasps and bees. And like those flying creatures, some ants can and will sting. Just like wasps, they carry a pike in their abdomen which they used to inject venom. They use this to hunt down other insects, but will also use it in defence of the nest.

Some other species use a different method of chemical warfare. They will bite and then spray the wound they have created with formic acid from inside their bodies. This creates a stinging, burning sensation that can kill other insects, and can even be felt by humans. It’s estimated that of the approximately 12,000 ant species in the world, up to 70% of them engage in some form of chemical defense mechanism, whether it’s stinging or spraying acid.

Most of these creatures are confined to tropical environments. But not all. The fire ant, as its name implies, is capable of delivering a burning and painful injury. And it happily lives among us.

Fire Ants

Fire ants of various types are widespread across North America. The European type is an invasive breed that is most prevalent in the northeastern US, but it has also spread to the West Coast. Meanwhile, in the southern states, the red imported fire ant, or RIFA, has made itself at home after arriving from South America. So while the origins of this creature may be exotic, they are now widespread, especially in warmer climates.

When threatened, fire ants will bite into a person’s skin with their jaws, or mandibles. They will then plunge the stinger in their abdomen into the skin. At the same time, they will release a pheromone that tells all the other members of the colony that there is a threat in the area. As a result, this insect never attacked alone.

These stings can cause itchy welts. But in a certain percentage of the population, their alkaloid venom can cause more severe allergic reactions. In extreme cases, this can lead to anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. It’s estimated that these creatures have killed over 80 people.

Fire ants can sting multiple times, their venom can be particularly dangerous to small children and pets.

Even worse, there have been cases where fire ants killed people that were no threat to their nest. There have been multiple instances of these creatures being found in hospitals and nursing homes. Patients in these institutions are often less able to endure the stinging of the pests, and in a few tragic cases, people have died.

Clearly, these creatures are dangerous. But it’s important to put the danger they represent into perspective. For most people, the sting of a fire ant is similar to that of wasp, and possibly even slightly less serious. The majority of healthy people will find the sting of one of these creatures little more than a painful nuisance, with no serious effects on long-term health. Still, if you have an allergy, the issue could be much more serious.

Maricopa Harvester Ant

There is another type of ant that, while less common, is even more dangerous to humans. The Maricopa Harvester ant is found mostly in Arizona, but there are also colonies in California, Colorado, Texas, Utah, Nevada, and New Mexico. And the venom this creature carries may be the most potent of any insect in the world.

Like the RIFA, Maricopa Harvesters sting by latching onto the skin with their mandibles and then deploying its stinger. This allows it to sting multiple times. And like the other species, this creature will also attract others to join in the attack. Similar in composition to the venom of a honeybee, the sting of the Maricopa Harvester is approximately 20 times stronger. It produces an intense burning pain that can last for hours.  As few as 12 stings from this creature can kill a rat. And that’s without any allergic reaction taking place. A few hundred stings would be enough to kill a healthy human even without an allergy.

The sting of the Maricopa Harvester ant is approximately 20 times stronger than a sting from a honey bee.

Luckily, the species is not known to have caused any fatalities to date.

Property Damage

Far more common than physical harm is the damage these insects do to a property. And when it comes to property damage, there is one undisputed champion. The Carpenter ant is responsible for around $5 billion worth of damage to buildings each year in the US alone.

As North America’s largest species, Carpenter ants look fearsome. They get their name from their habit of nesting inside wood. While they often nest inside rotten and water damaged timber, they don’t have to. The jaws on this creature are powerful enough to chew holes even in solid wooden beams.

Given their powerful jaws, you might be wondering if Carpenters bite. Well, they can. They have enough power in that jaw to break human skin, and they also have the nasty habit of injecting formic acid into the wound they create. However, this is mercifully rare. Carpenters are not particularly aggressive and are unlikely to see you as a threat unless you are attacking their nest. If so, it’s a good idea to wear gloves and cover up to protect yourself from any bites from these powerful bugs.

But the damage these insects do to homes is by far the greater threat. Unlike termites, carpenter ants don’t eat wood. Instead, they carve out tunnels and galleries in which to place their eggs and create their nest. Over time, these holes will weaken the structure of the wood and could ultimately lead to collapse. Often, this damage goes unnoticed until a storm or some other event comes along. By the time the structural integrity of a building is found to be compromised by these insects, it may be too late.

Carpenter ants are extremely unlikely to cause a building to collapse by themselves. Usually, they are just one of a number of factors. Are these bugs going to bring your house crashing down around you? Probably not. So they may not be dangerous to you personally. But they can be extremely dangerous to your home and your bank balance, thanks to the cost of structural repairs.

Carpenters aren’t the only ones capable of property damage, though. Some ant species, such as crazy ants, are attracted to electricity. This leads them to crawl inside electrical equipment and touch the contacts on circuit boards. Sometimes, they even chew on wires. This can cause equipment to short-circuit and malfunction and in rare instances can also cause fires.

The ant’s social behavior exacerbates the problem. If an ant receives a shock, it will release a pheromone that tells others it’s being attacked. That will summon more insects to the equipment, which will also get electrocuted and release pheromones of their own.

Contamination

Ants are clean creatures. Because they live in such large colonies, they need to maintain hygiene. They do this by grooming themselves and each other, and by removing any potential contaminants from the nest. For this reason, they don’t spread disease the way some other bugs do.

However, ants, like anything else, are more than capable of carrying bacteria that can cause disease. One of the worst offenders in this regard is the tiny Pharaoh species, another invasive pest that has made itself at home in human dwellings. These bugs are of particular concern in hospitals, where they have been found to carry bacteria such as salmonella, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus, among others. As omnivores, they are attracted to the same food that humans eat. So if an insect has been foraging somewhere dirty and then crawls over some food, it’s very easy for bacteria to be spread and contaminate the food.

But Pharaohs aren’t alone in this. The foraging activity of many ants brings them into contact with a wide variety of possible pathogens. So while the critters themselves aren’t considered major vectors of disease, they can cause a number of health complaints via the contamination of food. The best remedy is to keep all food sealed away where they can’t reach it, and to throw out any food items you feel may have been contaminated by the presence of bugs.

Ecological Harm

Say what you like about ants, you can’t deny they have their place in the world. Every single one of the 12,000 species evolved for a reason, to fill a particular niche in a specific environment. So you may not think that these bugs can harm the environment. They can, and they do.

In many ways, they are are the victim of their own success. Sometimes, they are a little too good at adapting to new environments. For proof, you don’t need to look any further than the many invasive species that can be found in North America. The previously mentioned Pharaoh, the European fire, the red imported fire ant – all of these creatures can be found a long way from the environment in which they evolved, and all have been remarkably successful at adapting to a new way of life.

Generally, human activity is to blame for this. Ant populations were once isolated by natural barriers such as mountains, rivers, and oceans. South American bugs had no realistic way of reaching North America. And it was impossible for them to cross the ocean. But that’s no longer the case. Human travel is responsible for the spread of numerous species. In a certain sense, we’re the best thing that ever happened to them.

But when these creatures arrive in a new environment, they can do a tremendous amount of harm. Local species are often unable to compete with them. They may find they have no natural predators in their new environment, and so there is nothing to stop their populations from blooming and upsetting the natural balance.

The RIFA first arrived in the US from South America in the early 20^th century. Since then, they have a spread across 14 southern states, helped by increasingly warm weather and human transportation. Highly aggressive and territorial, they have been able to outcompete many native species. Additionally, they have been known to attack bird nests to consume eggs and young birds. They have significantly reduced northern bobwhite quail populations wherever they have been introduced, and are a major threat to many species of ground-nesting birds. They also attack mammals and have been known to kill newborn cattle.

But invaders don’t come any more successful than the Argentine species. These tiny creatures have managed to spread across the world, traveling between continents on human ships. Because these creatures are not aggressive toward one another, they form one gigantic global supercolony with billions of members. These insects have become incredibly successful wherever they have managed to settle, to the point that they have begun to wipe out other species.

Additionally, these creatures love to feed on the sweet secretions of insects such as aphids. To safeguard this food source, these invaders will aggressively protect the aphids. And aphids feed on plants. As a result, the presence of these Argentine invaders can lead to an explosion in the population of aphids, which therefore leads to an increased rate of plant damage and crop failure.

The Dangers of Ants

Most ant species are not particularly dangerous creatures. They’re tiny and most are incapable of harming humans.

But with any group of insects as diverse and specialized as this one, it’s not a surprise to find that some buck the trend. Some ant species can be aggressive, and some can indeed be dangerous to humans and animals. And it’s not just the physical harm from bites and stings that you need to worry about. Ants can also cause property damage, food contamination, and upset the natural balance of the environment. The same environment that feeds us.

So, while they may be tiny, these creatures should not be taken lightly.